1. Brian Ceccarelli, Illustrations of Dilemma Zones (2025).
4. Suffolk County Red Light Safety Program, 2015 Annual Report, p.26, SCTPVA (Dec 2016).
2. Brian Ceccarelli, Cary Citations per Intersection, p. 1 (2013).
5. Candice Ferette, Robert Brodsky, Nassau County, N.Y. Sees Spike in Red-Light Camera Revenues, Government Technology (June 11, 2018).
3. Austin Berg, Illinois Red-Light Cameras Have Collected More than $1B from Drivers Since 2008, Illinois Policy (2019).
6. Various California City Police Departments, Red-Light Camera Report fo the Judicial Counsel (2020).
7. The Zebra, The State of Auto Insurance, p. 22, (2019).
Over a period of 3 years, 1 red-light running ticket will raise an individual’s premium by $999. 324,760 tickets/year x 3 years x 999 = $970M. One may note that the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (IIHS), a consortium of auto insurance companies, advertises in favor of red-light cameras.
8. Brian Ceccarelli, Physics of the Yellow Change Interval -- History and Physics, Professional Engineers of North Carolina (2019).
9. Institute of Transportation Engineers, Guidelines for Determining Traffic Signal Change and Clearance Intervals, p.8 (2021).
10. Redflex Traffic Systems, Automated Red Light Photo Enforcement RFP #9045 to Chesapeake, VA (2014).
11. Redflex Traffic Systems, Cary, North Carolina All Photo-Enforcement Notices (2012).
12. Brian Ceccarelli, Red-Light Cameras--Whom They Really Ticket (2017).
13. Ibid. Minute 12:50
14. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 89C-3(6) (2023).
16. John Reins, Defining Standard of Care, p. 18 (2014).
17. North Carolina Board of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors, Case No. V2018-026 Against American Traffic Solutions (2018).
18. New York State Board for Engineering and Land Surveying, Email Stating Red-Light Camera Installation Plans are Engineering Practice (March 16, 2016).
19. Nelson & Pope, Xerox Local and State Solutions, Red-Light Camera Installation Plans with no Certification (2016). Xerox knows that its plans must be certified because Xerox previously produced certified plans for Raleigh, North Carolina. ACS, Xerox Local and State Solutions and Conduent are successor companies.
20. Raleigh City Manager’s Office, Manager’s Update, Issue 2024-08, p. 14 (2024).
21. Brian Ceccarelli, Yellow Change Interval -- History and Physics, Professional Engineers of North Carolina (2019).